Acetabular osteotomy is a surgical procedure aimed at correcting deformities of the acetabulum, the cup-shaped socket in the pelvis that holds the head of the femur, which is the thigh bone. This procedure is typically indicated for patients suffering from conditions such as hip dysplasia, which can lead to joint instability, premature osteoarthritis, and pain. In hip dysplasia, the acetabulum is shallow, resulting in inadequate coverage of the femoral head, which can contribute to joint degeneration over time. During an acetabular osteotomy, the surgeon repositions the acetabulum to achieve better alignment and stability of the hip joint. The surgery often involves cutting the pelvic bone and repositioning the acetabulum to provide better coverage of the femoral head and to improve the overall biomechanics of the hip joint. Prior to the surgery, careful planning is necessary, often involving imaging studies like X-rays or MRI to assess the extent of the deformity and to devise a precise surgical plan. The procedure can be performed in various ways, including the triple osteotomy, which involves three separate cuts to the pelvis, or the periacetabular osteotomy (PAO), which is more commonly used in adult patients. Recovery from acetabular osteotomy typically takes several months, requiring physical therapy and rehabilitation to restore range of motion and strength. Postoperative care is crucial to ensure proper healing and to minimize complications, such as infection or non-union of the bone cuts. Pain management and monitoring for any signs of complication are integral parts of the recovery process. Patients will usually need to use crutches for several weeks to avoid putting weight on the affected hip. The goal of acetabular osteotomy is to relieve pain, improve hip function, and ultimately enhance the patient's quality of life by delaying the need for total hip arthroplasty or hip replacement surgery. The success of the surgery depends on a variety of factors, including the patient's age, overall health, the severity of the deformity, and adherence to rehabilitation protocols. Many patients experience significant improvements in symptoms and functional outcomes following the procedure, allowing them to return to their normal activities and enjoy an active lifestyle. Overall, acetabular osteotomy represents a critical option in the orthopedic arsenal for managing hip deformities, particularly in younger populations seeking to maintain hip function and avoid the long-term complications associated with untreated hip dysplasia. Through advancements in surgical techniques and postoperative care, the outcomes for individuals undergoing this procedure have improved considerably, making it a valuable intervention for preserving hip health.
